Biological Sciences

BIOL BC1001 REVOLUTIONARY CONCEPTS IN BIOL. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: Course does not fulfill Biology major requirements or premedical requirements. Enrollment in laboratory limited to 16 students per section.
Exploration of the major discoveries and ideas that have revolutionized the way we view organisms and understand life. This is an introductory survey course that explores basic concepts of molecular and cellular biology, genetics and evolution. Students will focus on biological concepts, biotechnology and bioethics, which inundate contemporary society

BIOL BC1003 CONCEPTS IN MODERN BIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

This course is for students who seek a better understanding of how their everyday life and modern biology interact. As our health and policy decisions are increasingly motivated by recent events and new technologies, a fundamental understanding of biology is essential to making informed choices for ourselves and the community. This course is an introductory survey course that explores major discoveries and ideas that have revolutionized the way we view and understand biological life. The basic concepts of cell and molecular biology, genetics, and evolution, will be traced from seminal discoveries to the modern era. Students will learn critical scientific analysis to understand and communicate biological concepts, biotechnology, and bioethics

BIOL BC1008 HEALTHIER LIFE. 3 points.

This is an introductory biology survey course which explores fundamentals of physiology in humans and other organisms, both in the context of global health and global ecological issues. It emphasizes reciprocal interactions between individual healthy humans and healthy societies, and the function of ecosystems in supporting humans and other biodiversity.

BIOL BC1009 Plants in Life and Laboratory. 4.50 points.

Description: This survey course with accompanying laboratory covers cell and molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology, development and genetics, evolution and ecology. Distinctively, the course emphasizes how plants are similar to and different from other organisms including not only humans and other vertebrate animals, but all other life-forms on earth. The course complements BIOL BC1001 Revolutionary Concepts in Biology. A student can fill her entire GER natural science requirement by combining the two. These courses do not, however, fulfill requirements for biology majors or pre-health students. Either or both are nonetheless excellent preparation for those wanting to then progress to BIOL BC1500-1503. Weekly investigative lab sessions are a mixture of two types: (a) learning and practicing scientific, technical and analytical methods used by 21st century plant scientists and (b) learning skills to improve your every-day and life-time interactions with plants as forests, as timber sources, as foods and flavorings, as sources for drugs and fuels, and in other ways. Learning outcomes: Detail and systematize biological diversity and species relationships using words and diagrams Grasp biochemistry cellularly and globally, emphasizing Carbon and Nitrogen cycles Contextualize plant-environment or plant-organism interactions including plant-human Satisfies a Foundations distribution requirement, Natural Sciences with Lab

BIOL BC1500 INTRO ORGANISMAL/EVOL BIOL. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1001 or equivalent preparation. Course suitable for fulfillment of premedical requirements.
Co-requisite: (strongly recommended) BIOL BC1501 This course is suitable for majors ＆ fulfillment of pre-health requirements. A high school biology background or equivalent preparation is highly recommended. BIOL BC1500 ＆ BIOL BC1502 form a 2-semester introductory biology series and do not have to be taken in a fall to spring sequence. Detailed introduction to biological phenomena above the cellular level; development, anatomy, and physiology of plants and animals; physiological, population, behavioral, and community ecology; evolutionary theory; analysis of micro-evolutionary events; and systematics

BIOL BC1501 INTRO LAB/ORGANISMAL＆EVOL BIO. 2.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500 BIOL BC1001 or equivalent preparation. Enrollment limited to 16 students per section. Course suitable for fulfillment of premedical requirements. BIOL BC1500 as prerequisite or corequisite.
A laboratory-based introduction to the major groups of living organisms; anatomy, physiology, evolution, and systematics; and laboratory techniques for studying and comparing functional adaptations

BIOL BC1502 INTRO CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOL. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1001 or equivalent preparation. Course suitable for fulfillment of premedical requirements. Together with BIOL BC1500 this course is part of a yearlong introductory sequence. BIOL BC1500 and BIOL BC1502 do not need to be taken in sequence.
Detailed introduction to cellular and subcellular biology: cell structures and functions, energy metabolism, biogenesis of cell components, biology of inheritance, molecular genetics, regulation of gene expression, and genes in development

BIOL BC1503 INTRO LAB CELLULAR＆MOLEC BIO. 2.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1502 BIOL BC1001 or equivalent preparation. BIOL BC1502 as corequisite (preferred) or prerequisite. Enrollment limited to 16 students per section. Course suitable for fulfillment of premedical requirements.
A laboratory-based introduction to cell and molecular biology. Both classic and modern approaches are used to investigate principles of heredity as well as the structure and function of cells and their molecular components. Lab exercises introduce practical techniques and data analysis

BIOL BC1510 BIOL BC1500 DISCUSSION SECTION. 0.00 points.

The goals of these discussion sections include providing a space to build community during remote learning and promoting opportunities for active engagement with the lecture material. These discussion sections will also serve as a space for students to consider science from multiple perspectives beyond discipline-specific content in the lecture and text (e.g. hearing guest lectures from BIPOC scientists, considering racial disparities in health outcomes, etc.). Participation will include posting on discussion boards between sessions, delivering short presentations during discussion, working well with partners, and making thoughtful comments during the discussion period

BIOL BC1511 BIOL BC1501 RECITATION. 0.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500 BIOL BC1001 or equivalent preparation. Enrollment limited to 16 students per section. Course suitable for fulfillment of premedical requirements. BIOL BC1500 as prerequisite or corequisite.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC1001 or equivalent preparation. Enrollment limited to 16 students per section. Course suitable for fulfillment of premedical requirements. BIOL BC1500 as prerequisite or corequisite. A laboratory-based introduction to the major groups of living organisms; anatomy, physiology, evolution, and systematics; and laboratory techniques for studying and comparing functional adaptations

BIOL BC1512 BIOL BC1502 DISCUSSION SECTION. 0.00 points.

The goals of these discussion sections include providing a space to build community during remote learning and promoting opportunities for active engagement with the lecture material. These discussion sections will also serve as a space for students to consider science from multiple perspectives beyond discipline-specific content in the lecture and text (e.g. hearing guest lectures from BIPOC scientists, considering racial disparities in health outcomes, etc.). Participation will include posting on discussion boards between sessions, delivering short presentations during discussion, working well with partners, and making thoughtful comments during the discussion period

BIOL BC1513 BIOL BC 1503 RECITATION. 0.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1502 BIOL BC1001 or equivalent preparation. BIOL BC1502 as corequisite (preferred) or prerequisite. Course suitable for fulfillment of premedical requirements.
A laboratory-based introduction to cell and molecular biology. Both classic and modern approaches are used to investigate principles of heredity as well as the structure and function of cells and their molecular components. Lab exercises introduce practical techniques and data analysis

BIOL BC1599 SCIENCE JOURNAL CLUB. 1.00 point.

Prerequisites: ) Open to first year students who scored a 4 or 5 on the AP Biology exam or a 5 or higher on the IB exam, and are enrolled in the 1500-level Biology series. Limited to 16 students.
Prerequisites: ) Limited to 16 students who are participating in the Science Pathways Scholars Program. Students in this seminar course will be introduced to the scientific literature by reading a mix of classic papers and papers that describe significant new developments in the field. Seminar periods will be devoted to oral reports, discussion of assigned reading, and student responses. Section 1: Limited to students in the Science Pathways Scholars Program. Section 2: Limited to first-year students who received a 4 or 5 on the AP and are currently enrolled in BIOL BC1500

BIOL BC2100 MOLECULAR ＆ MENDELIAN GENETICS. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent.
Mendelian and molecular genetics of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, with an emphasis on human genetics. Topics include segregation, recombination and linkage maps, cytogenetics, gene structure and function, mutation, molecular aspects of gene expression and regulation, genetic components of cancer, and genome studies

BIOL BC2240 PLANT EVOLUTION ＆ DIVERSITY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent. Survey of plant biology emphasizing evolutionary and ecological perspectives on mating and reproduction, physiology, anatomy, and morphology.

BIOL BC2272 ECOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent.
The definition of ecological problems in experimentally tractable ways; the design of experiments and analysis of ecological data; class projects on population ecology. Students conduct individual projects during last month of term

BIOL BC2278 Evolution. 3 points.

Not offered during 2025-2026 academic year.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or equivalent.

Study of the process of evolution with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying evolutionary change. Topics include the origins of life, rates of evolutionary change, phylogenetics, molecular evolution, adaptive significance of traits, sexual selection, and human evolution.

BIOL BC2280 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or equivalent.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or equivalent. This introduction to animal behavior takes an integrative approach to understand the physiological and genetic basis of behavior, the ecological context of behavior, and the evolutionary consequences of behavior. This course focuses on the process of scientific research, including current research approaches in animal behavior and practical applications of these findings

BIOL BC2281 LABORATORY IN ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: (BIOL BC1500) and (BIOL BC1502) and (BIOL BC2280) and (BIOL BC1501) and (BIOL BC1503) This lab provides an introduction to animal behavior research, including current research approaches and practical applications of these findings. Students will complete two main projects. The first is a group project using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which will involve observing, recording, and analyzing reproductive behaviors. The second is an independent project that will be designed, conducted, and analyzed by students using publicly available animal behavior resources and/or data. Both projects will incorporate critical thinking, problem solving and experimental design, with an emphasize on scientific writing and oral presentation skills

BIOL BC2323 Seminar in Infectious Diseases of New York City. 3.00 points.

This is an intermediate seminar course focusing on primary literature studying infectious disease in New York City. Selected topics will emphasize transmission ecology and cellular and molecular pathogenesis. The course is organized around presentation and critique of landmark papers in the field. All primary literature to be read study infectious disease in New York City. Potential examples include cholera in the 19th century, typhoid in the early 20th century, AIDS in the late 20th century, and COVID in the 21st century. Discussions will integrate the interplay of laboratory science with New York City organizations and infrastructure throughout history. Students will examine the communities and environments in which residents of New York City experience infectious diseases. Students will also study times of the past, to learn theories and methods of historical analysis, and to discover how different concepts of history shape our understanding of infectious disease, both past and present. Place-based learning will occur at historical locations in New York City

BIOL BC2342 Functional Human Anatomy. 3.00 points.

Careers in health care require an in depth knowledge of the anatomy of the human body. However, anyone can gain from an appreciation of the complexity of their own body. With this class, students will gain an understanding of how anatomical form and function are intertwined from the microscopic to macroscopic levels. Though any anatomy course necessarily involves the memorization of structures, this course has a strong focus on the functions of those structures as applied to everyday life! Rather than rote memorization, students will work to understand the anatomical, biomechanical, and physiological principles that govern how we move, feel, and think

BIOL BC2490 CODING IN BIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

An introduction to the basics of Python and R coding in the context of solving basic problems in molecular biology. Python will be used to write programs that analyze various features of DNA sequence data and R will be used to analyze output from RNA-seq experiments. No prior programming experience is necessary. The work will involve modifying existing code as well as developing simple programs from the ground up

BIOL BC2500 Programming for Scientists. 3.00 points.

Learning objectives: This course will provide a comprehensive foundation in programming methodology for quantitative biology applications that can be readily applied to any programming language. It is recommended for students interested in establishing or expanding their computational biology skillset. After completing this course, students should be able to: 1. Understand and explain the role of numerical and statistical methods in biology 2. Execute numerical computations using a widely-used programming language 3. Recognize common programming motifs that can be readily applied to other widely used languages 4. Design and troubleshoot algorithms to analyze diverse biological data and implement them using functions and scripts 5. Apply statistical programming techniques to model biological systems 6. Generate and interpret diverse plots based on biological datasets Course overview: Once a small subfield of biology, computational biology has evolved into a massive field of its own, with computational methods fast becoming a vital toolkit leveraged by biologists across the discipline. As the size and complexity of biological datasets grows, computational methods allow scientists to make sense of these data, scaling quantitative methods to extract meaningful insights that help us better understand ourselves and the living world around us. In this course, we will learn the basics of computer programming in R, a powerful programming language with wide use in the biological sciences. Topics will include a basic introduction to R and the RStudio environment, data types and control structures, reading and writing files in R, data processing and visualization, manipulating common biological datasets; and statistical testing and modeling in R

BIOL BC2841 LAB-PLANT EVOLUTION ＆ DIVERSITY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503. Enrollment limited to 16.
Prerequisites: () Enrollment is limited to 16; must attend first lab to hold place. Studies of the structure, ecology, and evolution of plants. Laboratory exercises include field problems, laboratory experiments, plant collections and identification, and examination of the morphology of plant groups

BIOL BC3000 Biological Chemistry. 3.00 points.

The goal of this course is to gain an understanding of the chemical principles that govern biological systems. We will look at the structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids), with an emphasis on interactions between them, enzyme kinetics, and metabolic pathways. Key topics will include protein folding and function, enzyme mechanisms, bioenergetics, and the regulation of key metabolic cycles. In addition to lecture we will spend time examining case studies and selected articles from primary literature, and engaging in group discussions

BIOL BC3007 Introduction to RNA-Seq Analysis. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500,1501, 1502, 1503 and BIOL BC2100, or equivalent. Transcriptome analysis, or the analysis of all expressed RNA sequences in a cell, has long been a major part of molecular biology and genetics. The modern technique of RNA-Seq has now been established as the approach for transcriptome studies and RNA-Seq analyses are ubiquitous in all areas of Biology. In this course we will cover the major technical and analytical aspects of RNA-Seq with an emphasis on the application by students to real datasets. We will cover both the original ‘Bulk RNA-Seq’ approach, where the total transcriptome of many cells are combined, and the more recent ‘single-cell RNA-Seq’ (scRNA-Seq) technology where transcriptomes of individual cells are analyzed separately. Students will learn to read and interpret journal articles that utilize RNA-Seq datasets, both bulk and single-cell, and to perform and present RNA-Seq data using publicly available datasets

BIOL BC3110 MICROBIOLOGY. 5.00 points.

BIOL BC3141 Advanced R in Biology. 3.00 points.

This course serves as a continuation of BIOL2500 R for Scientists. The course will meet weekly. Students will explore a range of methods and resources used by contemporary computational biologists. These include advanced statistical modeling approaches, manipulating genomic and spatial data, and working in R outside of the RStudio environment (including git, bash, Shiny and high-performance computing). Students will have opportunities to explore diverse biological and statistical R packages in the context of homework assignments, and will analyze a dataset of their own choosing for a semester project

BIOL BC3210 Comparative Biomechanics. 3.00 points.

How do you control your limbs to allow you to walk, run, throw, or grasp? How do wings and fins generate lift and thrust, allowing birds and bees to fly or fish and dolphins to swim? Why do bodies change shape during development, and why are the bones of large animals so different from those of small ones? In this course, we will focus on the intersection of physics and biology to understand how animals move and interact with their environment. We will apply principles in physics and engineering to biological materials, morphology, physiology, and neurobiology. To achieve this, we will discuss the interaction of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems that enable animals, including humans, to walk, run, fly, swim, and eat

BIOL BC3272 Marine Ecology Lab. 3.00 points.

This laboratory-intensive course introduces students to the biological and ecological processes that shape marine ecosystems. Even in the heart of New York City, marine ecology can be discovered and studied firsthand through experiments, data analysis and field sampling in the Hudson River and coastal environments. Students will explore marine biodiversity, physiology, and ecological interactions and there is an emphasis on experimental design, microscopy, and quantitative methods. Students will prepare lab reports, engage in group projects, and develop skills in scientific communication. One field excursion outside of New York City will be available for participation, but not required

BIOL BC3303 LAB IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC2100 BIOL BC2100 OR BIOL BC3310 (which can be taken as corequisites) or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 16.
Introduction to the use of molecular techniques to answer questions about subcellular biological phenomena. Techniques include isolation of genomic and plasmid DNAs, restriction enzyme analysis, DNA and protein electrophoresis, bacterial transformation, and plasmid subcloning

BIOL BC3304 Topics in Molecular Genetics. 3 points.

Selected topics in molecular genetics and gene regulation, with a focus on examples from human evolution, physiology, and disease. The course will be organized into four modules with combined lecture and journal club-style discussion. Module topics include molecular regulation of transcription, epigenetic regulation of the genome, gene regulatory networks, and genome architecture and evolution. We will draw from examples in the current literature and explore current experimental approaches in molecular genetics of humans and model organisms. 

BIOL BC3305 PROJECT LAB IN MOLECULAR GENETICS. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC2100 or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 16.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503, and BIOL BC2100 or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 16. Laboratory course in which students conduct original research projects in molecular genetics. Students will participate in experimental design, conduct and data analysis, and work with key techniques for studying gene structure, expression and function such as nucleic acid extraction and synthesis, cloning, bioinformatics analysis, PCR and qPCR. Students will present their results orally and in writing. Enrollment in both semesters (BIOL BC3305 and BIOL BC3306) of this full-year course is required, and fulfills two upper-level lab courses for the Barnard Biology major. Must be taken in sequence, beginning in the fall. -B. Morton - J. Mansfield

BIOL BC3306 PROJECT LAB MOLECULAR GENETCS. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC2100 BIOL BC2100 or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 16.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503, BIOL BC2100, BIOL BC3305. Enrollment limited to 12. Laboratory course in which students conduct original research projects in molecular genetics. Students interested in getting involved in research, or those looking to deepen research design and lab skills in this area, are encouraged to begin with this course. Students will participate in experimental design, conduct and data analysis, and work with key techniques for studying gene structure, expression and function such as nucleic acid extraction and synthesis, cloning, bioinformatics analysis including RNA-Seq, PCR and quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Students will present their results orally and in writing. Enrollment in both semesters (BIOL BC3305 and BIOL BC3306) of this full-year course is required for credit, and fulfills two upper-level lab courses for the Barnard Biology major. Must be taken in sequence, beginning in the fall. - J. Mansfield

BIOL BC3308 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIAL GENOMICS. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: (BIOL BC1500)(BIOL BC1501)(BIOL BC1502)(BIOL BC1503) and BIOL BC2100 BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 and BIOL BC2100.
This course will focus on understanding, implementing, and using basic bioinformatic algorithms and tools to analyze microbial genomes and genomic information. Topics cover a history of genome sequencing methods, local and global alignment methods, sequence annotation tools, de novo genome assembly, multiple sequence alignments, and simple molecular phylogeny. Theoretical lectures will be taught in parallel with labs focused on hands-on analysis of real-world data so that students create tangible and applicable skills. Knowledge of a programming language is required to take this course. Class notes are intended to be self-contained for these topics

BIOL BC3310 CELL BIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: (BIOL BC1500)(BIOL BC1501)(BIOL BC1502)(BIOL BC1503) and BIOL BC2100 BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501 BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503, or equivalent, and BIOL BC2100.
This course explores the components, systems, and regulatory mechanisms involved in eukaryotic cellular function. Topics include: signal transduction, translational and protein quality control, organellar and cytoskeletal dynamics, and some coordinated responses such as proliferation and programmed cell death. Throughout the course we will see how general cell biology can be specialized to achieve specific cellular functions through regulation of the basic machinery. We will also explore the cellular and molecular bases for a variety of human pathologies, with an emphasis on cancer. In addition to lecture, we will spend some time discussing the material, including selected articles from the primary literature, and learning through group presentations

BIOL BC3311 LABORATORY IN CELL BIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC2100 BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent, BIOL BC2100 or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 16.
Introduction to cell biological techniques used to investigate structural, molecular, and physiological aspects of eukaryotic cells and their organization into tissues. Techniques include light and electron microscopy, cell culture, isolation of cellular organelles, protein electrophoresis, and Western Blot analysis

BIOL BC3320 MICROBIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent, and BIOL BC2100.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent, and BIOL BC2100. Survey of the diversity, cellular organization, physiology, and genetics of the major microbial groups. Also includes aspects of applied microbiology and biotechnology, the function of microorganisms in the environment, and the role of microbes in human diseases

BIOL BC3321 LABORATORY IN MICROBIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC3320 BIOL BC3320 (or corequisite). Enrollment limited to 16.
Enrollment limited to 16. Provides experience in the isolation, cultivation, and analysis of pure cultures of microorganisms. Methods used for the study of cell structure, growth, physiology, and genetics of microbes will be incorporated into laboratory exercises

BIOL BC3322 Seminar in Public Health Virology. 4.00 points.

This is an advanced seminar course focusing on primary literature studying viruses and their impact on public health. Selected topics will emphasize evolution, transmission, surveillance, and treatment. The intellectual framework will progress from the cellular and molecular levels to the organismal and ecological. Host-pathogen interactions between viruses and humans will be a particular focus. The course is organized around presentation and critique of both current research as well as landmark discoveries in the field. Discussions will also integrate the interplay of laboratory science with ethics and policy

BIOL BC3333 Ornithology. 3.00 points.

You saw a bird today. You saw a bird yesterday. You will surely see a bird tomorrow. Without knowing you, or knowing what you do with your days, I know this for a fact about you. Unless they are under absolute confinement, chances are that every human being anywhere on the planet will see at least one bird every day. Birds are everywhere. They are mostly diurnal, they fly and they vocalize. Probably more so than any other kind of animal, this makes birds particularly conspicuous and appealing to humans. But when you saw a bird today, did you really see it? Did it register at all? Probably not—no more than a passing car or cloud or a stranger in the sidewalk. That’s a shame, because birds have shaped modern biology more than any other group, inspiring discoveries in ecology, evolution, and behavior. They also move billions of dollars each year through birdwatching. The overarching goal of this class is for you to start really seeing birds for the wondrous animals that they are and all that they have taught us about biology. This will include identifying and naming bird species, having the basic vocabulary to talk about birds, and relating your bird observations in the field to conceptual knowledge about their evolution and ecology. Towards that goal, students will participate in a combination of lectures, readings, group discussions, written assignments, and group and solo outings to observe birds in Central Park. Topics addressed will include: evolutionary origins of birds; bird systematics and classification; the biology of feathers; bioacoustics and birdsong; the biology of migration; bird reproductive behavior; and bird conservation

BIOL BC3352 DEVELOPMENT. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503, and BIOL BC2100 or equivalent.
Introduction to animal developmental biology and its applications. This course will examine the basic mechanisms through which animal bodies organize themselves, from an integrative perspective at the levels of genes and gene networks, cell properties and behaviors, coordinated interactions of cells in developing tissues, organs and organ systems, and the role of developmental processes in morphological evolution. Topics include: fertilization, cleavage and gastrulation, establishment of body axes, neural development, organ formation, tissue and organ regeneration, stem cells and medical applications, evolution of developmental programs, and teratogenesis

BIOL BC3354 LABORATORY IN EMBRYOLOGY. 3.00 points.

This lab course will explore the foundational methods of vertebrate embryology. Using both classical and modern experimental approaches, we will identify and manipulate developmental processes such as gastrulation, neurulation, and organogenesis. Students will investigate molecular regulation of patterning and the importance of tissue-tissue interactions during early development. Utilizing modern genetic tools and imaging techiniques, such as digital microscopy, students will have the opportunity to visualize embyrogenesis in real-time. Prerequisite: Two terms of introductory biology (BIOL BC1500,BC1502 or equivalent) AND one term of Genetics (BIOL BC2100 or equivalent) AND at least one upper level lab course at the cell and molecular level. OR permission from the instructor.

BIOL BC3356 Reproductive Biology. 3.00 points.

This course will explore developing topics in mammalian reproductive biology. Using textbooks and primary literature sources we will explore the molecular and physiological nature of reproduction, including fertilization, assisted reproductive technologies, and physiological changes to the reproductive system during and after birth. These topics will be further discussed in the context of medicine and society, with a particular focus on healthcare disparities in local communities

BIOL BC3359 Anatomy with Laboratory. 4.00 points.

This is an intermediate lecture plus laboratory course focusing on using virtual reality to study human anatomy. Selected topics will emphasize physiological function and cellular mechanisms. The course is organized around a systems-based framework to the study of human anatomy. Lectures will also emphasize the clinical correlates and case studies of disease. All anatomical systems will be explored using a virtual reality laboratory. Potential examples include the skeletal, muscular, arterial, venous, lymphatic, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, reproductive, and integumentary systems. This course engages students with the contemporary and emerging field of virtual reality. Students will use and critically analyze advanced virtual and augmented reality technologies through scientific analysis and experimentation. This course will also expose students to empirical analysis and structural models of anatomy for problem solving. Students will develop basic competence in the use of deductive methods involving biological mechanisms of clinical disease

BIOL BC3360 PHYSIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent. This course examines how mammals carry out basic functions like manipulating objects, sensing the external world, oxygenating tissues, and processing food. Emphasis is placed on (a) how the body regulates itself through the integrated action of multiple organ systems and (b) what goes awry in disease

BIOL BC3361 LABORATORY IN PHYSIOLOGY. 3.00 points.

Not offered during 2025-2026 academic year.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC3360 Pre- (or co-) requisite is a physiology lecture class (e.g., BIOL BC3360). Enrollment limited to 16.

Prerequisites: Pre- (or co-) requisite is a physiology lecture class (e.g. BIOL BC3360). Enrollment limited to 16. Provides a hands-on introduction to the different physiological systems in vertebrates and invertebrates. Emphasizes the operation of a variety of physiological monitoring devices and the collection and analysis of physiological data.

BIOL BC3362 MOLECULAR ＆ CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent, and one term of organic chemistry.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC1502 BIOL BC1503, and either BIOL BC1500 BIOL BC1501 or NSBV BC1001 or permission from the instructor. Structure and function of neural membranes; ionic basis of membrane potential and action potential; synaptic transmission and neurochemistry; sensory transduction and processing; reflexes and spinal cord physiology; muscle structure and function; neuronal circuitry; and nervous system development

BIOL BC3363 LAB IN MOLEC ＆ CELL NEUROSCI. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC3362 BIOL BC3362 (or corequisite). Enrollment limited to 16.
Prerequisites: BIOL BC3362 (or corequisite). Enrollment limited to 16. Introduction to techniques commonly used in current neurobiological research, including intracellular and extracellular recording of action potentials, neuroanatomical methods, and computer simulation of the action potential

BIOL BC3377 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. 3.00 points.

Vertebrates have been around for millions of years. In that time, they have evolved morphological attributes to live in the sea, on land, and in the air; hunt or scavenge food; escape from predation; and more. Yet despite the vast differences that have evolved, vertebrates (including humans) share many common traits. In this course, we will explore the evolution of the vertebrate body plan, focusing specifically on the evolution of form and function in many body systems. We will examine the evolution of homologous structures and identify how vertebrates have evolved a wide array of adaptations within the constraints of evolution. Though anatomy courses necessitate memorization of some key structures, we will focus more on the function of those structure, the broad principles of evolution, and the research techniques used in the related field of functional morphology rather than memorizing large lists of terms

BIOL BC3380 APPLIED ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503 or the equivalent.
Ecological and evolutionary models of populations (exponential and density-dependent growth; species interactions; genetic differentiation resulting from mating, random drift, and selection) applied to problems resulting from human-induced environmental change (endangered species; use of pesticides and antibiotics; escaping transgenic organisms; global climate change; emerging pathogens; other invaders; etc.)

BIOL BC3400 MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. 4 points.

Not offered during 2025-2026 academic year.

This course will focus on building and analyzing dynamic mathematical models (models that study how processes change in time) to understand the behavior of different biological systems. We will focus on a variety of topics in population biology, physiology and the biomedical sciences such as single and competing species models, pharmacokinetic models of drugs and toxins, enzyme reaction kinetics, epidemiology, infectious diseases and cancer. We will use mathematical tools like difference equations, differential equations, linear algebra and nonlinear analysis to study these biological processes. MATLAB programming will be used to implement these mathematical models in search of answers to biological questions.

BIOL BC3590 SR SEM IN BIOLOGY. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: BIOL BC1500, BIOL BC1501, BIOL BC1502, BIOL BC1503, and BIOL BC2100.
Required for all majors who do not select the year-long Senior Thesis Research ＆ Seminar (BIOL BC3593 ＆ BC3594) to fulfill their senior capstone requirement. These seminars allow students to explore the primary literature in the Biological Sciences in greater depth than can be achieved in a lecture course. Attention will be focused on both theoretical and empirical work. Seminar periods are devoted to oral reports and discussion of assigned readings and student reports. Students will write one extensive literature review of a topic related to the central theme of the seminar section. Topics vary per semester and include, but are not limited to: Plant Development, Animal Development ＆ Evolution, Molecular Evolution, Microbiology ＆ Global Change, Genomics, Comparative ＆ Reproductive Endocrinology, and Data Intensive Approaches in Biology

BIOL BC3591 GUIDED RESEARCH ＆ SEMINAR. 4.00 points.

Per Semester

Prerequisites: Permission of a faculty sponsor and the department. Cannot be taken concurrently with BIOL BC3593 or BIOL BC3594.
This year-long course is open to junior and senior Biology majors and minors. Students will complete an independent research project in Biology under the guidance of a faculty mentor at Barnard or another local institution. Attendance at the weekly seminar is required. By the end of the year, students will write a scientific paper about their project and give a poster presentation about their research at the Barnard Biology Research Symposium. Completion of this year-long course fulfills two upper-level laboratory requirements for the Biology major or minor. This course must be taken in sequence, beginning with BIOL BC3591 in the Fall and continuing with BIOL BC3592 in the Spring. Acceptance into this course requires confirmation of the research project by the course instructors. A Barnard internal mentor is required if the research project is not supervised by a Barnard faculty member. This course cannot be taken at the same time as BIOL BC3593-BIOL BC3594

BIOL BC3592 GUIDED RESEARCH ＆ SEMINAR. 4.00 points.

Per Semester

Prerequisites: Permission of a faculty sponsor and the department. Cannot be taken concurrently with BIOL BC3593 or BIOL BC3594.
This year-long course is open to junior and senior Biology majors and minors. Students will complete an independent research project in Biology under the guidance of a faculty mentor at Barnard or another local institution. Attendance at the weekly seminar is required. By the end of the year, students will write a scientific paper about their project and give a poster presentation about their research at the Barnard Biology Research Symposium. Completion of this year-long course fulfills two upper-level laboratory requirements for the Biology major or minor. This course must be taken in sequence, beginning with BIOL BC3591 in the Fall and continuing with BIOL BC3592 in the Spring. Acceptance into this course requires confirmation of the research project by the course instructors. A Barnard internal mentor is required if the research project is not supervised by a Barnard faculty member. This course cannot be taken at the same time as BIOL BC3593-BIOL BC3594

BIOL BC3593 SENIOR THESIS RESEARCH ＆ SEMINAR. 4.00 points.

Per Semester

Prerequisites: Permission of a faculty sponsor and the department. Cannot be taken concurrently with BIOL BC3591 or BIOL BC3592.
This year-long course is open to senior Biology majors. Students will complete an independent research project in Biology under the guidance of a faculty mentor at Barnard or another local institution. Attendance at the weekly seminar is required. By the end of the year, students will write a scientific paper about their project and give an oral presentation about their research at the Barnard Biology Research Symposium. Completion of this year-long course fulfills the senior capstone requirement for the Biology major. This course must be taken in sequence, beginning with BIOL BC3593 in the Fall and continuing with BIOL BC3594 in the Spring. Acceptance into this course requires confirmation of the research project by the course instructors. A Barnard internal mentor is required if the research project is not supervised by a Barnard faculty member. This course cannot be taken at the same time as BIOL BC3591-BIOL BC3592

BIOL BC3594 SENIOR THESIS RESEARCH ＆ SEMINAR. 4.00 points.

Prerequisites: Permission of a faculty sponsor and the department. Cannot be taken concurrently with BIOL BC3591 or BIOL BC3592.
This year-long course is open to senior Biology majors. Students will complete an independent research project in Biology under the guidance of a faculty mentor at Barnard or another local institution. Attendance at the weekly seminar is required. By the end of the year, students will write a scientific paper about their project and give an oral presentation about their research at the Barnard Biology Research Symposium. Completion of this year-long course fulfills the senior capstone requirement for the Biology major. This course must be taken in sequence, beginning with BIOL BC3593 in the Fall and continuing with BIOL BC3594 in the Spring. Acceptance into this course requires confirmation of the research project by the course instructors. A Barnard internal mentor is required if the research project is not supervised by a Barnard faculty member. This course cannot be taken at the same time as BIOL BC3591-BIOL BC3592

BIOL BC3597 GUIDED RESEARCH. 1.00-4.00 points.

Prerequisites: Permission of a faculty sponsor.
Similar to BIOL BC3591-BIOL BC3592, this is a one-semester course that provides students with degree credit for unpaid research without a seminar component. You may enroll in BIOL BC3597 for between 1-4 credits per semester. As a rule of thumb, you should be spending approximately 3 hours per week per credit on your research project. A Project Approval Form must be submitted to the department each semester that you enroll in this course. Your Barnard research mentor (if your lab is at Barnard) or internal adviser in the Biology Department (if your lab is elsewhere) must approve your planned research before you enroll in BIOL BC3597. You should sign up for your mentor's section. This course does not fulfill any Biology major requirements. It is open to students beginning in their first year

BIOL BC3595 RESEARCH SEMINAR. 1.00 point.

ANAT BC2573 HUMAN ANATOMY AND MOVEMENT. 3.00 points.

Corequisites: ANAT BC2574
Corequisites: ANAT BC2574 Dancers and other movers will acquire concrete, scientific information about anatomy and integrate this knowledge into their sensed experience of movement. Through readings, lecture/discussions and movement practice, students will explore: (1) structure and function of bones and joints, (2) muscles, neuromuscular function and coordination, (3) motor cognition and learning

ANAT BC2574 LABORATORY IN HUMAN ANATOMY. 3.00 points.

Corequisites: ANAT BC2573
Corequisites: DNCE BC2573 This new interdisciplinary laboratory course will introduce students to the practices of creative and scientific research in anatomy. The laboratory course will offer students “hands-on” opportunities to view cadaveric specimens, to collect, analyze and communicate scientific information/data related to anatomy and to explore the use of anatomical information to generate creative movement and choreography

CHEM BC2900 Research Methods Seminar. 1 point.

Instructor's Permission Required

Prerequisites: Students must be sophomores with a strong interest in pursuing research in the biological or chemical sciences

Skills to facilitate into biology and chemistry research. Students will learn to think and work like scientists and to identify, apply for and gain entry to research lab groups. Focus on writing and oral presentation skills. Additional readings and discussions on laboratory safety, women in science, and scientific ethics.

CHEM BC3282 BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 3.00 points.

Prerequisites: One year of Organic Chemistry, BIOL BC1502. Lecture: MWF 9:00-9:50.
Prerequisites: (CHEM BC3230) and (CHEM BC3231) BIOL BC1502. Introduction to biochemical building blocks, macromolecules, and metabolism. Structures of amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. Protein structure and folding. Enzyme mechanisms, kinetics, allostery. Membranes and biosignaling. Catabolism and anabolism with emphasis on chemical intermediates, metabolic energy, catalysis by specific enzymes, regulation

CHEM BC3355 BIOCHEMISTRY LAB TECHNIQUES. 5.00 points.

Prerequisites: Organic II lab (CHEM BC3333, BC3335, or equivalent); Quantitative analysis lab (BC3338, BC3340, or equivalent); Biochemistry (CHEM BC3282y, CHEM C3501, or equivalent). Lecture: M 1:10-12:50; Laboratory two afternoons: M 2:10-6:00 / W 1:10-5:00.
Prerequisites: Organic II lab (CHEM BC3333, BC3335, or equivalent); Quantitative analysis lab (BC3338, BC3340, or equivalent); Biochemistry (CHEM BC3282y, CHEM C3501, or equivalent). Theory and application of fundamental techniques for the isolation, synthesis and characterization of biological macromolecules including proteins, lipids, nucleotides and carbohydrates. Techniques include spectroscopic analysis, gel electrophoresis, chromatography, enzyme kinetics, immunoblotting, PCR, molecular cloning and cell culture, as well as modern laboratory instrumentation, such as UV-Vis, GC-MS and HPLC

CHEM BC3357 Biochemistry Laboratory Techniques. 3 points.

Fee: $45.

Prerequisites: four terms of chemistry and biology laboratory.
Corequisites: BIOC C3501 or BCHM G4021.

Lecture and lab. Same course as BC3355, but only one section of lab hours required.